Method and apparatus for reconfiguring a bearer

ABSTRACT

A data transmission method of a User Equipment, UE, in a Long Term Evolution, LTE, compliant mobile communications network, and a corresponding UE. The method comprises detecting reconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer in which uplink Packet Data Convergence Protocol, PDCP, Protocol Data Units, PDUs, are transmitted to both a Master eNB, MeNB, and to a Secondary eNB, SeNB, to a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted only to the MeNB. If reconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer to a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to the MeNB is detected, the method further comprises initiating retransmission of PDCP PDUs from the first PDCP PDU for which transmission was attempted via the SeNB and for which there has been no confirmation of successful delivery by a protocol layer below the PDCP layer within the UE. The method further comprises retransmitting only PDCP PDUs for which transmission of the PDU was attempted via the SeNB.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to bearer reconfiguration. In particular,certain embodiments of the present invention relate to reconfigurationof a split bearer to a non-split bearer, or vice versa, in a 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) or LTEAdvanced compliant mobile communications network comprising a mobileterminal (also referred to herein as the User Equipment, UE) and networkequipment. The present invention relates to determining which PacketData Convergence Protocol, PDCP, Service Data Units (SDUs) or ProtocolData Units (PDUs) the UE should retransmit following bearerreconfiguration.

BACKGROUND ART

Wireless or mobile (cellular) communications networks in which a mobileterminal (UE, such as a mobile handset) communicates via a radio link toa network of base stations (eNBs) or other wireless access pointsconnected to a telecommunications network, have undergone rapiddevelopment through a number of generations. The initial deployment ofsystems using analogue signalling has been superseded by SecondGeneration (2G) digital systems such as Global System for Mobilecommunications (GSM), which typically use a radio access technologyknown as GSM Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution Radio Access Network(GERAN), combined with an improved core network.

Second generation systems have themselves been largely replaced by oraugmented by Third Generation (3G) digital systems such as the UniversalMobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), which uses a UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) radio access technology and asimilar core network to GSM. UMTS is specified in standards produced by3GPP. Third generation standards provide for a greater throughput ofdata than is provided by second generation systems. This trend iscontinued with the move towards Fourth Generation (4G) systems.

3GPP design, specify and standardise technologies for mobile wirelesscommunications networks. Specifically, 3GPP produces a series ofTechnical Reports (TR) and Technical Specifications (TS) that define3GPP technologies. The focus of 3GPP is currently the specification ofstandards beyond 3G, and in particular an Evolved Packet System (EPS)offering enhancements over 3G networks, including higher data rates. Theset of specifications for the EPS comprises two work items: SystemsArchitecture Evolution (SAE, concerning the core network) and LTEconcerning the air interface. The first set of EPS specifications werereleased as 3GPP Release 8 in December 2008. LTE uses an improved radioaccess technology known as Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), which offerspotentially greater capacity and additional features compared withprevious standards. SAE provides an improved core network technologyreferred to as the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). Despite LTE strictlyreferring only to the air interface, LTE is commonly used to refer tothe whole of the EPS, including by 3GPP themselves. LTE is used in thissense in the remainder of this specification, including when referringto LTE enhancements, such as LTE Advanced. LTE is an evolution of UMTSand shares certain high level components and protocols with UMTS. LTEAdvanced offers still higher data rates compared to LTE and is definedby 3GPP standards releases from 3GPP Release 10 up to and including 3GPPRelease 12. LTE Advanced is considered to be a 4G mobile communicationsystem by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

The present invention is implemented within an LTE mobile network.Therefore, an overview of an LTE network is shown in FIG. 1. The LTEsystem comprises three high level components: at least one UE 102, theE-UTRAN 104 and the EPC 106. The EPC 106 communicates with Packet DataNetworks (PDNs) and servers 108 in the outside world. FIG. 1 shows thekey component parts of the EPC 106. It will be appreciated that FIG. 1is a simplification and a typical implementation of LTE will includefurther components. In FIG. 1 interfaces between different parts of theLTE system are shown. The double ended arrow indicates the air interfacebetween the UE 102 and the E-UTRAN 104. For the remaining interfacesuser data is represented by solid lines and signalling is represented bydashed lines.

The E-UTRAN 104 comprises a single type of component: an eNB (E-UTRANNode B) which is responsible for handling radio communications betweenthe UE 102 and the EPC 106 across the air interface. An eNB controls UEs102 in one or more cell. LTE is a cellular system in which the eNBsprovide coverage over one or more cells. Typically there is a pluralityof eNBs within an LTE system. In general, a UE in LTE communicates withone eNB through one cell at a time.

Key components of the EPC 106 are shown in FIG. 1. It will beappreciated that in an LTE network there may be more than one of eachcomponent according to the number of UEs 102, the geographical area ofthe network and the volume of data to be transported across the network.Data traffic is passed between each eNB and a corresponding ServingGateway (S-GW) 110 which routes data between the eNB and a PDN Gateway(P-GW) 112. The P-GW 112 is responsible for connecting a UE to one ormore servers or PDNs 108 in the outside world. The Mobility ManagementEntity (MME) 114 controls the high-level operation of the UE 102 throughsignalling messages exchanged with the UE 102 through the E-UTRAN 104.Each UE is registered with a single MME. There is no direct signallingpathway between the MME 114 and the UE 102 (communication with the UE102 being across the air interface via the E-UTRAN 104). Signallingmessages between the MME 114 and the UE 102 comprise EPS SessionManagement (ESM) protocol messages controlling the flow of data from theUE to the outside world and EPS Mobility Management (EMM) protocolmessages controlling the rerouting of signalling and data flows when theUE 102 moves between eNBs within the E-UTRAN. The MME 114 exchangessignalling traffic with the S-GW 110 to assist with routing datatraffic. The MME 114 also communicates with a Home Subscriber Server(HSS) 116 which stores information about users registered with thenetwork.

Within an LTE network, data is transferred between different componentsof the network using bearers. An EPS bearer serves to transfer databetween a UE and a P-GW. The data flow is bi-directional. Data carriedby an EPS bearer comprises one or more service data flows carrying datafor a particular service, for instance streamed media. Each service dataflow comprises one or more packet flows.

3GPP Radio Access Network (RAN) workgroups are current working on aStudy Item (SI) called “Small Cell Enhancements”. The technical outcomeof this SI is documented in 3GPP TR 36.842 “Evolved UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)”; Study on Small Cell enhancements forE-UTRA and E-UTRAN? Higher layer aspects (Release 12); c0.0. 3GPP TR36.842 concerns the radio access aspects of the SI and impacts upon boththe UE and the eNB. Small cell enhancements are applicable, forinstance, where there is a macro cell and a small cell (within thecoverage area of the macro cell) operating on the same carrierfrequency.

It is currently proposed that the RAN will support so called “dualconnectivity” functionality. Dual connectivity refers to an operationwhere a given UE consumes radio resources provided by at least twodifferent network points (Master and Secondary eNBs) connected withnon-ideal backhaul while the UE is active within the network (in an RRCCONNECTED (Radio Resource Control Connected) state. Dual connectivitypermits a greater data rate to be achieved between the UE and the RAN.To achieve dual connectivity, it is proposed that the RAN will support“bearer split” functionality. In dual connectivity, bearer split refersto the ability to split a bearer over multiple eNBs. A Master eNB (MeNB,usually the macro cell eNB) is the eNB which terminates at least S1-MMEinterface (the interface between the eNB and the MME) and therefore actas mobility anchor towards the Core Network (CN). A Secondary eNB (SeNB,usually the eNB handling small cells) is an eNB providing additionalradio resources for the UE, which is not the MeNB.

Referring to FIG. 2, this shows option 3 of FIG. 8.1.1-1 of TS 36.842,which illustrates one bearer split option, taking the downlink directionas an example. It can be seen that there is a first EPS bearer (#1:solid arrows) communicating directly from a P-GW (not shown) via theS-GW and the MeNB to the UE. A second EPS bearer (#2: dashed arrows)passes from the MeNB to the UE via the SeNB as well as directly betweenthe MeNB and the UE. The second EPS bearer is split across the RAN.

To achieve a split bearer it is necessary to modify the existing userplane architecture shown in FIG. 6-1 of 3GPP TS 36.300 “EvolvedUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)”; Overall description; Stage2 (Release 11); v11.7.0 (not reproduced in the present specification).At an eNB, for communicating with the UE across the air interface, theeNB comprises a protocol stack having a PDCP layer, a Radio Link Control(RLC) layer and a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. Collectively, theseprotocol layers form the data link layer: layer two of the standard OpenSystems Interconnection (OSI) model. The MAC layer carries out low-levelcontrol of the physical layer (layer 1 of the OSI model, and outside ofthe scope of the present specification), including scheduling datatransmissions between the mobile and the base station. The RLC layermaintains the data link between the UE and the eNB, and handles theacknowledgement of receipt of data packets, when required. The PDCPlayer carries out higher-level transport functions including headercompression and security. At each layer of the protocol stack theprotocol receives a data packet from the protocol above in the form of aService Data Unit (SDU), processes the packets and adds a header to forma Protocol Data Unit (PDU). The PDU becomes the incoming SDU of the nextlayer down the stack.

In a bearer split architecture such as is shown in FIG. 2 the layer 2protocol stack at the eNB is split between the MeNB and the SeNB.Specifically, a split radio bearer uses two RLC entities as shown inFIG. 3, which reproduces FIG. 8.1.1.8-1 from 3GPP TR 36.842. FIG. 3shows a first non-split bearer protocol stack at the MeNB (solid boxes).FIG. 3 shows data being received from the S-GW across the S1 interface.FIG. 3 further shows a second split radio bearer (dashed boxes anddashed arrows). For the split bearer there is a single PDCP entity atthe MeNB and duplicated RLC/MAC protocol stack entities for the splitbearer in both the MeNB and the SeNB. Data is sent between the singlePDCP entity in the MeNB and the RCL/MAC entities in the SeNB across theXn interface (alternatively referred to as the X2 interface). Althoughnot shown in FIG. 3, at the UE side there would be correspondingMAC/RLC/PDCP entities, and specifically a single UE PDCP entity andduplicated UE MAC/RLC entities.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Technical Problem

In certain scenarios, part or the whole of the radio bearer protocolstack may be moved from one termination point to another terminationpoint, for instance from one eNB to another eNB. For non-split radiobearers this may be due to the UE roaming between cells controlled byseparate eNBs. In this case some of the on-going transmissions in thediscontinued user plane stack will be terminated before successfuldelivery of the corresponding PDCP SDUs has been ensured. To overcomethe loss that would be the result of this termination, PDCP SDUretransmissions may be initiated after the radio bearer protocol stackmove. So far, 3GPP RAN2 specifications have only specified how PDCP SDUretransmissions are handled for non-split bearers (that is, how PDCP SDUretransmissions are to be handled when the complete RAN protocol stackis moved). If it is required to reconfigure a split bearer as anon-split bearer, for instance due to the UE moving out of the coveragearea of the small cell, while remaining in the coverage area of themacro cell, then this also requires at least the part of the radiobearer protocol stack within the SeNB to be moved. Applying the sameretransmission techniques when reconfiguring a split bearer to anon-split bearer will lead to inefficient retransmission, as isdescribed in greater detail below.

Solution to Problem

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided adata transmission method of a User Equipment, UE, in a Long TermEvolution, LTE, compliant mobile communications network, the methodcomprising: detecting reconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer inwhich uplink Packet Data Convergence Protocol, PDCP, Protocol DataUnits, PDUs, are transmitted to both a Master eNB, MeNB, and to aSecondary eNB, SeNB, to a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs aretransmitted only to the MeNB; and if reconfiguration of a bearer from asplit bearer to a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs aretransmitted to the MeNB is detected: initiating retransmission of PDCPPDUs for which transmission was attempted via the SeNB; andretransmitting only PDCP PDUs for which there has been no confirmationof successful delivery by a protocol layer below the PDCP layer withinthe UE

The retransmission of PDCP PDUs may be in ascending order of countvalues assigned to the PDCP PDUs prior to the reconfiguration of thebearer.

The method may further comprise: receiving a PDCP status report from theMeNB; and determining that for PDCP Service Data Units, SDUs, that areindicated in the PDCP status report as received, the corresponding PDCPPDUs need not be retransmitted.

The UE may be configured to use only bearers for which successfuldelivery of PDCP PDUs is acknowledged by the eNB at a protocol layerbelow the PDCP layer.

The UE may be configured to use only bearers using Radio Link ControlAcknowledged Mode, RLC-Acknowledged Mode.

Successful delivery of a PDCP PDU may be confirmed by the Radio LinkControl, RLC, layer or the Medium Access Control, MAC, layer.

The method may further comprise: detecting reconfiguration of a bearerfrom a split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to both aMaster eNB, MeNB, and to a Secondary eNB, SeNB, to a non-split bearer inwhich uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to the SeNB; and ifreconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer to a non-split bearer inwhich uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted only to the SeNB is detected:initiating retransmission of PDCP SDUs from the first PDCP SDU for whichthere is no confirmation of successful delivery of a corresponding PDCPPDU by a protocol layer below the PDCP layer within the UE; andretransmitting all PDCP SDUs from the first PDCP SDU.

The method may further comprise: detecting reconfiguration of a bearerfrom a non-split bearer to split bearer; and if reconfiguration of abearer from a non-split bearer to a split bearer is detected:determining whether, before reconfiguration of the bearer from anon-split bearer to a split bearer, PDCP PDUs were transmitted to theMeNB or the SeNB; wherein if it is determined that PDCP transmissionswere transmitted to the MeNB then the method further comprisesdetermining that no PDCP SDU or PDCP PDU retransmissions are required.

If it is determined that PDCP transmissions were transmitted to the SeNBthen the method may further comprise: initiating retransmission of PDCPSDUs from the first PDCP SDU for which there is no confirmation ofsuccessful delivery of a corresponding PDCP PDU by a protocol layerbelow the PDCP layer within the UE; and retransmitting all PDCP SDUsfrom the first PDCP SDU.

The method may further comprise: detecting reconfiguration of a bearerfrom a split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to onlyone of a MeNB and a SeNB to a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUsare transmitted to the MeNB; determining whether before reconfigurationPDCP PDU transmissions from the UE were restricted to transmissions tojust the MeNB or just the SeNB; wherein if it is determined that PDCPPDU transmissions from the UE were restricted to transmissions to justthe MeNB then the method further comprises determining that no PDCP SDUor PDCP PDU retransmissions are required; and wherein if it isdetermined that PDCP PDU transmissions from the UE were restricted totransmissions to just the SeNB then the method further comprises:initiating retransmission of PDCP PDUs ; and retransmitting only PDCPPDUs for which there is no confirmation of successful delivery by aprotocol layer below the PDCP layer within the UE.

The method may further comprise: detecting reconfiguration of a bearerfrom a split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to onlyone of a MeNB and a SeNB to a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUsare transmitted to the MeNB; and if reconfiguration of a bearer from asplit bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to only one of aMeNB and a SeNB to a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs aretransmitted to the MeNB is detected: initiating retransmission of PDCPPDUs for which transmission was attempted via the SeNB; andretransmitting only PDCP PDUs for which there has been no confirmationof successful delivery by a protocol layer below the PDCP layer withinthe UE.

According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provideda data transmission method of a User Equipment, UE, in a Long TermEvolution, LTE, compliant mobile communications network, the methodcomprising: detecting reconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer inwhich uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to only one of a MeNB and a SeNBto a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to theMeNB; determining whether before reconfiguration PDCP PDU transmissionsfrom the UE were restricted to transmissions to just the MeNB or justthe SeNB; wherein if it is determined that PDCP PDU transmissions fromthe UE were restricted to transmissions to just the MeNB then the methodfurther comprises determining that no PDCP SDU or PDCP PDUretransmissions are required.

According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided adata transmission method of a User Equipment, UE, in a Long TermEvolution, LTE, compliant mobile communications network, the methodcomprising: detecting reconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer inwhich uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to only one of a MeNB and a SeNBto a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to theMeNB; determining whether before reconfiguration PDCP PDU transmissionsfrom the UE were restricted to transmissions to just the MeNB or justthe SeNB; wherein if it is determined that PDCP PDU transmissions fromthe UE were restricted to transmissions to just the SeNB then the methodfurther comprises: initiating retransmission of PDCP PDUs; andretransmitting only PDCP PDUs for which there is no confirmation ofsuccessful delivery by a protocol layer below the PDCP layer within theUE.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provideda data transmission method of a User Equipment, UE, in a Long TermEvolution, LTE, compliant mobile communications network, the methodcomprising: detecting reconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer inwhich uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to only one of a MeNB and a SeNBto a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to theMeNB; and if reconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer in whichuplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to only one of a MeNB and a SeNB to anon-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to the MeNBis detected: initiating retransmission of PDCP PDUs for whichtransmission was attempted via the SeNB; and retransmitting only PDCPPDUs for which there has been no confirmation of successful delivery bya protocol layer below the PDCP layer within the UE.

Retransmission of PDCP PDUs may form part of a partial PDCPre-establishment procedure; wherein the partial PDCP re-establishmentprocedure further comprises at the UE for the uplink: not resettingheader compression; and not resetting the ciphering key; and wherein thepartial PDCP re-establishment procedure further comprises at the UE forthe downlink: processing all received PDCP PDUs; not resetting headercompression; not resetting the ciphering key; and transmitting a PDCPstatus report.

The partial PDCP re-establishment procedure may be triggered in responseto one of: detecting at the UE reconfiguration of a bearer from a splitbearer to a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmittedto the MeNB; detecting at the UE reconfiguration of a bearer from afirst split bearer to a second split bearer in which the MeNB remainsthe same and the SeNB changes; and receiving an indicator from thenetwork indicating that partial PDCP re-establishment is to beperformed.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided aUser Equipment, UE, in a Long Term Evolution, LTE, compliant mobilecommunications network, wherein the UE is arranged to: detectreconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer in which uplink PacketData Convergence Protocol, PDCP, Protocol Data Units, PDUs, aretransmitted to both a Master eNB, MeNB, and to a Secondary eNB, SeNB, toa non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted only to theMeNB; if reconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer to a non-splitbearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to the MeNB isdetected, initiate retransmission of PDCP PDUs for which transmissionwas attempted via the SeNB; and retransmit only PDCP PDUs for whichthere has been no confirmation of successful delivery by a protocollayer below the PDCP layer within the UE.

The UE may be further arranged to implement any of the above methods.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided aUser Equipment, UE, in a Long Term Evolution, LTE, compliant mobilecommunications network, wherein the UE is arranged to: detectreconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer in which uplink PDCPPDUs are transmitted to only one of a MeNB and a SeNB to a non-splitbearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to the MeNB; determinewhether before reconfiguration PDCP PDU transmissions from the UE wererestricted to transmissions to just the MeNB or just the SeNB; whereinif it is determined that PDCP PDU transmissions from the UE wererestricted to transmissions to just the MeNB then the method furthercomprises determine that no PDCP SDU or PDCP PDU retransmissions arerequired.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provideda User Equipment, UE, in a Long Term Evolution, LTE, compliant mobilecommunications network, wherein the UE is arranged to: detectreconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer in which uplink PDCPPDUs are transmitted to only one of a MeNB and a SeNB to a non-splitbearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to the MeNB; determinewhether before reconfiguration PDCP PDU transmissions from the UE wererestricted to transmissions to just the MeNB or just the SeNB; whereinif it is determined that PDCP PDU transmissions from the UE wererestricted to transmissions to just the SeNB then the method furthercomprises: initiate retransmission of PDCP PDUs ; and retransmit onlyPDCP PDUs for which there is no confirmation of successful delivery by aprotocol layer below the PDCP layer within the UE.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention there is provideda User Equipment, UE, in a Long Term Evolution, LTE, compliant mobilecommunications network, wherein the UE is arranged to: detectreconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer in which uplink PDCPPDUs are transmitted to only one of a MeNB and a SeNB to a non-splitbearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to the MeNB; and ifreconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer in which uplink PDCPPDUs are transmitted to only one of a MeNB and a SeNB to a non-splitbearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to the MeNB isdetected: initiate retransmission of PDCP PDUs for which transmissionwas attempted via the SeNB; and retransmit only PDCP PDUs for whichthere has been no confirmation of successful delivery by a protocollayer below the PDCP layer within the UE.

The UE may be further arranged to retransmit PDCP PDUs as part of apartial PDCP re-establishment procedure; wherein the partial PDCPre-establishment procedure further comprises for the uplink the UE beingfurther arranged to: not reset header compression; and not reset theciphering key; and wherein the partial PDCP re-establishment procedurefurther comprises for the downlink the UE being further arranged to:process all received PDCP PDUs; not reset header compression; not resetthe ciphering key; and transmit a PDCP status report.

The UE may be further arranged to trigger the partial PDCPre-establishment procedure in response to one of: detecting at the UEreconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer to a non-split bearer inwhich uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted to the MeNB; detecting at the UEreconfiguration of a bearer from a first split bearer to a second splitbearer in which the MeNB remains the same and the SeNB changes; andreceiving an indicator from the network indicating that partial PDCPre-establishment is to be performed.

There is further disclosed a data transmission method of a UserEquipment, UE, in a Long Term Evolution, LTE, compliant mobilecommunications network, the method comprising: detecting reconfigurationof a bearer from a split bearer in which uplink Packet Data ConvergenceProtocol, PDCP, Protocol Data Units, PDUs, are transmitted to both aMaster eNB, MeNB, and to a Secondary eNB, SeNB, to non-split bearer inwhich uplink PDCP PDUs are transmitted only to the MeNB; and ifreconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer to a non-split bearer isdetected: initiating retransmission of PDCP Service Data Units, SDUs,from the first PDCP SDU for which transmission of the corresponding PDCPPDU was attempted via the SeNB and for which there has been noconfirmation of successful delivery by a protocol layer below the PDCPlayer within the UE; and retransmitting only PDCP SDUs for whichtransmission of the corresponding PDCP PDU was attempted via the SeNB.

The retransmission of PDCP SDUs may be in ascending order of countvalues assigned to the PDCP SDUs prior to the reconfiguration of thebearer.

The method may further comprise: receiving a PDCP status report from theMeNB; and determining that PDCP SDUs that are indicated in the PDCPstatus report as received need not be retransmitted.

The UE may be configured to use only bearers for which successfuldelivery of PDCP PDUs is acknowledged by the eNB at a protocol layerbelow the PDCP layer.

The UE may be configured to use only bearers using Radio Link ControlAcknowledged Mode, RLC-Acknowledged Mode.

Successful delivery of a PDCP PDU may be confirmed by the Radio LinkControl, RLC, layer or the Medium Access Control, MAC, layer.

The method may further comprise: determining whether, followingreconfiguration of the bearer from a split bearer to a non-split bearer,PDCP transmissions are to be terminated within the MeNB or the SeNB;wherein the steps of initiating retransmission of PDCP SDUs from thefirst PDCP SDU for which transmission of the corresponding PDCP PDU wasattempted via the SeNB and for which there has been no confirmation ofsuccessful delivery by a protocol layer below the PDCP layer within theUE, and retransmitting only PDCP SDUs for which transmission of thecorresponding PDCP PDU was attempted via the SeNB are only performed ifit is determined that PDCP transmissions are to be terminated within theMeNB.

If it is determined that PDCP transmissions are to be terminated withinthe SeNB then the method may further comprise: retransmitting of PDCPSDUs from the first PDCP SDU for which there is no confirmation ofsuccessful delivery of a corresponding PDCP PDU by a protocol layerbelow the PDCP layer within the UE; and retransmitting all PDCP SDUsfrom the first PDCP SDU.

The method may further comprise: detecting reconfiguration of a bearerfrom a non-split bearer to split bearer; and if reconfiguration of abearer from a non-split bearer to a split bearer is detected:determining whether, before reconfiguration of the bearer from a splitbearer to a non-split bearer, PDCP transmission were terminated withinthe MeNB or the SeNB; wherein if it is determined that PDCPtransmissions were terminated within the MeNB then the method furthercomprises determining that no PDCP SDU retransmissions are required.

If it is determined that PDCP transmissions were terminated within theSeNB then the method further comprises: retransmitting PDCP SDUs fromthe first PDCP SDU for which there is no confirmation of successfuldelivery of a corresponding PDCP PDU by a protocol layer below the PDCPlayer within the UE; and retransmitting all PDCP SDUs from the firstPDCP SDU.

If reconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearer to a non-split beareris detected, the method may further comprise: determining whether beforereconfiguration PDCP SDU transmissions from the UE were restricted totransmissions to just the MeNB or just the SeNB; wherein if it isdetermined whether PDCP SDU transmissions from the UE were restricted totransmissions to just the MeNB then the method further comprisesdetermining that no PDCP SDU retransmissions are required; and whereinif it is determined whether PDCP SDU transmissions from the UE wererestricted to transmissions to just the MeNB then the method furthercomprises: retransmitting PDCP SDUs from the first PDCP SDU for whichthere is no confirmation of successful delivery of a corresponding PDCPPDU by a protocol layer below the PDCP layer within the UE; andretransmitting all PDCP SDUs from the first PDCP SDU.

There is further disclosed a User Equipment, UE, in a Long TermEvolution, LTE, compliant mobile communications network, wherein the UEis arranged to: detect reconfiguration of a bearer from a split bearerin which uplink Packet Data Convergence Protocol, PDCP, Protocol DataUnits, PDUs, are transmitted to both a Master eNB, MeNB, and to aSecondary eNB, SeNB, to non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs aretransmitted only to the MeNB; if reconfiguration of a bearer from asplit bearer to a non-split bearer is detected, initiate retransmissionof PDCP Service Data Units, SDUs, from the first PDCP SDU for whichtransmission of the corresponding PDCP PDU was attempted via the SeNBand for which there has been no confirmation of successful delivery by aprotocol layer below the PDCP layer within the UE; and retransmit onlyPDCP SDUs for which transmission of the corresponding PDCP PDU wasattempted via the SeNB.

The UE may be further arranged to implement the above described method.

Another aspect of the invention provides a computer program comprisinginstructions arranged, when executed, to implement a method and/orapparatus in accordance with any one of the above-described aspects. Afurther aspect provides machine-readable storage storing such a program.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

It is an aim of certain embodiments of the present invention to improvethe efficiency of data retransmission when reconfiguring a split beareras a non-split bearer. Certain embodiments relate specifically toretransmission of data from the UE to the network. Certain embodimentsof the present invention are specifically concerned with the case that asplit bearer is reconfigured to a non-split bearer while keeping thesame PDCP entity in the network. In this case the part of the user planestack in the SeNB is terminated and transmissions on-going in that partmay be lost. Certain embodiments of the invention are concernedspecifically with bearers configured for reliable transport, forinstance using RLC-Acknowledged Mode. In RLC-Acknowledged Mode thetransmitter sends PDUs and stores the PDUs in a retransmission bufferuntil an acknowledgement of receipt is received. The transmitterregularly polls the receiver to return a status PDU listing the receivedPDUs. The transmitter may then delete the received PDUs from the bufferand re-transmit the remaining PDUs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the invention are further described hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an overview of an LTE mobilecommunication network;

FIG. 2 illustrates a split bearer;

FIG. 3 illustrates a RAN protocol stack at a MeNB and a SeNB for thesplit bearer of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 illustrates a message flow during an X2 handover of a non-splitbearer between a source eNB and a target eNB;

FIG. 5 illustrates the format of a PDCP status report;

FIG. 6 illustrates the delivery situation for a non-split radio bearerimmediately before an X2 handover from a source eNB to a target eNB;

FIG. 7 illustrates PDCP SDU retransmissions for the delivery situationof FIG. 6 upon the X2 handover, according to a first network option;

FIG. 8 illustrates PDCP SDU retransmissions for the delivery situationof FIG. 6 upon the X2 handover, according to a second network option;

FIG. 9 illustrates the delivery situation for a split radio bearerimmediately before reconfiguration to a non-split radio bearer;

FIGS. 10 to 15 illustrate PDCP SDU retransmissions for the deliverysituation of FIG. 9 following reconfiguration to a non-split bearer,according to a first to fifth options;

FIG. 16 illustrates PDCP SDU retransmissions for the delivery situationof FIG. 9 following reconfiguration to a non-split bearer;

FIG. 17 illustrates PDCP SDU retransmissions for the delivery situationof FIG. 9 following reconfiguration to a non-split bearer;

FIG. 18 illustrates a message flow during reconfiguration of a bearer;

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating a method of reconfiguring a bearer;

FIG. 20 illustrates a further exemplary message flow duringreconfiguration of a bearer from split bearer to non-split bearer; and

FIG. 21 is a further flowchart illustrating a method of reconfiguring abearer.

MODE FOR THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the invention will now be described in the context of anLTE compliant mobile wireless communications network operating inaccordance with the 3GPP LTE standards up to Release-12 and beyond.However, it will be understood that this is by way of example only andthat other embodiments may involve other wireless networks, operating atleast partially in compliance with other releases and other standards.

Referring to FIG. 4, this shows the message sequence chart for an “X2handover” from 3GPP TS 36.300 (FIG. 10.1.2.1.1-1). Specifically, thisshows an X2 handover of a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode in which a non-splitbearer is reconfigured such that it is terminated at a target eNB inplace of a source eNB. At steps 1 to 3 the source eNB determines whetherto handover. Steps 4 to 7 concern handover preparation during which thesource eNB passes all necessary information to the target eNB foreffecting the handover. Steps 8 to 11 comprise handover execution. Steps12 to 18 comprise handover execution. A more detailed explanation ofFIG. 4 is provided in section 10.1.2.1.1 of 3GPP TS 36.300, but is notneeded for explanation of the present invention.

In the context of the present invention a first key step is the “DataForwarding” of user data from the source eNB to the target eNB afterstep 8 (during handover execution). Importantly, it is at the discretionof the source eNB whether or not uplink PDCP SDUs that are received outof sequence are forwarded to the target eNB. As a first option, thesource eNB may discard all such out of sequence PDCP SDUs and rely onthe UE retransmitting all PDCP SDU's from the first non-delivered PDCPSDU to the target eNB. Alternatively, as a second option the source eNBmay forward all such out of sequence PDCP SDUs and ask the UE to onlyretransmit the missing PDCP SDUs to the target eNB.

This behaviour is captured in 3GPP TS 36.300 section 10.1.2.3.1:

Then the source eNB shall either:

-   -   discard the uplink PDCP SDUs received out of sequence if the        source eNB has not accepted the request from the target eNB for        uplink forwarding or if the target eNB has not requested uplink        forwarding for the bearer during the Handover Preparation        procedure,    -   forward to the target eNB the uplink PDCP SDUs received out of        sequence if the source eNB has accepted the request from the        target eNB for uplink forwarding for the bearer during the        Handover Preparation procedure.

As further set out in 3GPP TS 36.300 section 10.1.2.3.1, the source eNBis further responsible for forwarding unacknowledged downlink PDCP SDUsto the target eNB and forwarding successively received uplink PDCP SDUsto the S-GW though this is outside of the scope of the presentspecification.

This optional behaviour for handling out of sequence uplink PDCP SDUshas consequences for later steps in FIG. 4. A second key step is the“packet data” delivery of user data between the UE and the target eNBafter step 11. The UE retransmits all PDCP SDUs for which successfuldelivery of corresponding PDCP PDU has not been confirmed by lowerlayers as documented in 3GPP TS 36.323 “Evolved Universal TerrestrialRadio Access (E-UTRA)”; Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)specification (Release 11); v11.2.0 section 5.2.1.1:

-   -   from the first PDCP SDU for which the successful delivery of the        corresponding PDCP PDU has not been confirmed by lower layers,        perform retransmission or transmission of all the PDCP SDUs        already associated with PDCP SNs in ascending order of the COUNT        values associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP        re-establishment as specified below:

//partly omitted//

-   -   submit the resulting PDCP Data PDU to lower layer.

If the source eNB is configured to the option of not forwarding out ofsequence PDCP SDUs, then the retransmission by the UE of all PDCP SDUsfrom the first PDCP SDU for which there is not lower layer confirmationof successful delivery is fine and no further action is required.

If the source eNB is configured to forward out of sequence received PDCPSDUs to the target eNB, then the specifications allow the target eNB toinform the UE about the already received PDCP SDUs with a PDCP statusreport as described in 3GPP TS 36.323 section 6.2.6. FIG. 4 does notshow a PDCP status report message, though this would be provided afterthe data forwarding following step 8 and before the packet datatransmission following step 11. FIG. 5 reproduces FIG. 6.2.6.1 of 3GPPTS 36.323 and shows the format of a PDCP Control PDU carrying one PDCPstatus report when a 12 bit sequence number length is used. The fieldFMS identifies the first missing PDCP serial number. If there arereceived out of sequence PDCP SDUs then the bitmap field indicatesmissing PDCP SDUs from the first missing PDCP SDU. The bitmap field isof length in bits equal to the number of PDCP sequence numbers from, butnot including the first missing PDCP SDU and up to and including thelast received out of sequence PDCP SDU, rounded to the next multiple of8 bits. For each position in the bitmap a zero indicates a PDCP SDUsequence number which is not reported to have been received by the lowerlayers. A one in the bitmap indicates a received PDCP SDU.

If the UE receives a PDCP status report, the UE may omit retransmissionsof any PDCP SDUs which have been received by the source eNB. Thisbehaviour is documented in section 5.4 of 3GPP TS 36.323:

When the discardTimer expires for a PDCP SDU, or the successful deliveryof a PDCP SDU is confirmed by PDCP status report, the UE shall discardthe PDCP SDU along with the corresponding PDCP PDU. If the correspondingPDCP PDU has already been submitted to lower layers the discard isindicated to lower layers.

The currently specified solution works fine for an X2 handover whenmoving a non-split bearer. To illustrate the conventional retransmissionof PDCP SDUs from a UE to a target eNB during such a handover, both withand without forwarding by the source PDCP, reference is now made toFIGS. 6 to 8.

FIG. 6 shows a possible delivery situation for a non-split radio bearerjust before an X2 handover. FIG. 6 shows PDCP and RLC entities at both aUE and a source eNB (MAC entities are omitted for clarity). This splitbetween the network and the UE is shown. The UE PDCP entity shows sixPDCP PDUs for transmission to the source eNB PDCP entities. In thisexample, PDCP PDU 1 is the last PDCP PDU delivered in sequence to theeNB PDCP entity. PDCP PDUs 2 and 4 failed at during their firsttransmission at lower layers and will have to be retransmitted by the UERLC entity. This is indicated by the arrows from those PDUs not reachingacross the network line to the source eNB RLC entity. PDUs 3 and 5 havebeen delivered to the RLC entity at the eNB, but since the RLC entityonly delivers PDCP PDU's in sequence to PDCP, these PDCP PDU's are stillbuffered at the source eNB RLC entity. Receipt of the PDUs 3 and 5 willhave been acknowledged by the source eNB RLC entity to the UE RLCentity.

FIG. 7 shows what happens after X2 handover to a target eNB if thenetwork implements the first option in which the source eNB discards outof sequence SDUs. At handover the source eNB RLC entity delivers out ofsequence delivered PDCP PDUs (PDUs 3 and 5) to the PDCP entity due to are-establishment of the RLC entity in the source eNB. However, thesource PDCP entity will discard these PDUs, indicated by PDUs 3 and 5being crossed out. During handover completion the UE retransmits allPDUs from the first non-delivery-confirmed PDCP PDU (PDCP PDU 2 in thisexample). Consequently, the UE must retransmit PDCP PDUs 2 to 6(indicated by the arrows between the UE PDCP entity and the target eNBPDCP entity), even though PDUs 3 and 5 were successfully delivered tothe network.

FIG. 8 shows what happens after X2 handover to a target eNB if thenetwork implements the second option in which the source eNB forwardsout of sequence SDUs. Again PDCP PDUs 3 and 5 are delivered to thesource eNB PDCP entity due to a re-establishment of the RLC entity inthe source eNB. However, this time PDCP PDUs 3 and 5 are forwarded tothe target eNB PDCP entity. Based on a PDCP status report as describedabove in connection with FIG. 5, the UE knows that these PDCP PDUs donot have to be transmitted in the target eNB, thus saving resources inthe UE and the target eNB. Consequently, the UE need only retransmitPDCP PDUs 2, 4 and 6 (indicated by the arrows between the UE PDCP entityand the target eNB PDCP entity).

To implement similar functionality during reconfiguration of a splitbearer, the same techniques described above for an X2 handover of anon-split bearer may be reapplied. However, as will now be demonstrated,the result is a significant reduction in efficiency caused byretransmission of data unnecessarily. The following cases relate to thereconfiguration of a split bearer to a non-split bearer in which thePDCP entity within a MeNB remains following the reconfiguration and theRLC/MAC entities within a SeNB are removed.

Before illustrating specific examples, it is first clarified that it isassumed that also for a split bearer, RLC entities will in normalsituations (other than for re-establishment) only deliver in sequencePDCP PDUs to the PDCP entity. However, since each RLC entity is onlyhandling part of the PDCP PDUs, they do not necessarily need to beconsecutive PDCP PDUs such that there could be gaps in the PDCP PDUsdelivered by each RLC entity to a PDCP entity for a split bearer. At theRLC layer, in RLC Acknowledged Mode, for the uplink in the UE each RLCentity (one each for transmissions to eNB1 and eNB2) each PDCP PDUallocated for transmission to that eNB is numbered sequentially to formRLC PDUs, such that while there may be gaps in the numbering of PDCPPDUs sent to each eNB, there are no gaps for the RLC PDUs. At each eNBthe RLC entity does not pass received RLC PDUs to the PDCP entity out ofsequence.

FIG. 9 shows a possible delivery situation for a split radio bearer justbefore reconfiguration from a split bearer to a non-split bearer. PDCPPDU 1 is the last in sequence PDCP PDU delivered via eNB1 RLC (the MeNBRLC entity) to the PDCP entity. PDCP PDU 4 is the last in PDCP PDUdelivered via eNB2 RLC (the SeNB RLC entity). The UE is aware that PDCPPDUs 1 and 4 have successfully transmitted based on lower layerconfirmation. Transmission was also successful for PDCP PDUs 3, 5, 7 and8 to the eNB RLC entities but all these PDUs remain buffered in thereceiving RLC entity due to out of sequence reception (that is, thereceived RLC PDUs are out of sequence). PDCP PDUs 2 and 6 still need tobe retransmitted by the UE though these have not necessarily failedtransmissions. Since transmissions in eNB2 are discontinued, PDCP PDU6cannot be received by the network PDCP entity unless there is a newretransmission from the UE. PDCP PDU2 will be delivered by the RLC/lowerlayers in eNB1 if these layers are not re-established. The amount ofunnecessary retransmissions resulting from the current UE behaviour willdepend on the network behaviour, as will now be set out via severalexample cases. The description of the following cases is not exhaustiveof all possible scenarios for current UE behaviour and current networkbehaviour. The following example cases vary according to whether theeNB1 RLC is re-established, whether there is forwarding from the enB1(SeNB) to the eNB2 (MeNB) and whether the PDCP entity sends a PDCPstatus report. If the eNB1 RLC is not re-established then on-goingtransmissions (PDUs 2, 3 and 5) will continue and eventually these PDCPPDUs will be delivered to the PDCP entity (unless of course they laterfail and no acknowledgement of receipt is received by the UE before thenormal acknowledgement timer expires, in which case they would beretransmitted conventionally).

Case 1a: No eNB1 RLC Re-Establishment No forwarding of out of sequencePDCP PDUs from eNB2 RLC; No PDCP status report

The resulting UE retransmissions following reconfiguration from a splitbearer to a non-split bearer are shown in FIG. 10.

With the current UE behaviour the UE will restart transmissions fromPDCP PDU 2 (the first PDCP PDU for which there is no confirmation ofreceipt by the lower level layers). PDCP PDUs 2, 3, 4 and 5 areunnecessarily retransmitted by the UE, and retransmission of PDCP SDU's7 and 8 could have been avoided if eNB2 had forwarded out of sequencereceived PDUs.

Case 1b: No eNB1 RLC re-establishment No forwarding of out of sequencePDCP PDUs from eNB2 RLC; PDCP status report

This case differs from Case la only in the fact that the PDCP entitysends a PDCP status report during bearer reconfiguration. The resultingUE retransmissions following reconfiguration from a split bearer to anon-split bearer are shown in FIG. 11. It is clear that in this case thePDCP status report will indicate that PDCP PDUs 1 and 4 do not need tobe retransmitted. It is questionable what the PDCP status report wouldsay for PDCP PDUs 2, 3 and 5. Since these PDCP PDUs are not received bythe PDCP entity, it is probable that the only thing the PDCP entity cansay is that these PDCP PDUs need to be retransmitted.

With the current UE behaviour the UE will restart transmissions fromPDCP PDU 2 and only skip PDCP PDU 4. PDCP PDUs 2, 3 and 5 areunnecessarily retransmitted by the UE, and retransmission of PDCP SDU's7 and 8 could have been avoided if eNB2 had forwarded out of sequencereceived PDUs.

Cases 1a and 1b are described for the sake of completeness. While the X2handover scenario described above does include a network option where asource eNB may be configured not to forward out of sequence PDCP PDUs toa target eNB, this option is not typically called for in the somewhatdifferent case of the reconfiguration from a split bearer to a non-splitbearer. As noted in relation to FIG. 3, a typical split bearerarchitecture splits the layer 2 protocol stack between two components aMaster eNB (MeNB) and a Secondary eNB (SeNB): a single PDCP entity isprovided at the MeNB for the split bearer. This means that the SeNB mustforward any PDCP PDUs it receives to the MeNB regardless and a “noforwarding out of sequence” option would have limited relevance in sucha split bearer architecture.

Case 2a: No eNB1 RLC re-establishment Forwarding of out of sequence PDCPPDUs from eNB2 RLC; No PDCP status report

This case differs from Case la only in that there is forwarding fromeNB2 RLC. The resulting UE retransmissions following reconfigurationfrom a split bearer to a non-split bearer are shown in FIG. 12.

With the current UE behaviour the UE will restart transmissions fromPDCP PDU 2. PDCP PDUs 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 are unnecessarilyretransmitted by the UE.

Case 2b: No eNB1 RLC re-establishment Forwarding of out of sequence PDCPPDUs from eNB2 RLC; PDCP status report

This case differs from Case 1b only in that there is forwarding fromeNB2 RLC. As for Case 1b, it is probable that the PDCP status reportwill not indicate that PDCP PDUs 2, 3 and 5 have been received. However,differing from Case 1b, the PDCP status report will indicate that PDCPPDUs 7 and 8 (in addition to PDCP PDUs 1 and 4) do not need to beretransmitted.

The resulting UE retransmissions following reconfiguration from a splitbearer to a non-split bearer are shown in FIG. 13.

With the current UE behaviour the UE will restart transmissions fromPDCP PDU 2 and only skip PDCP PDUs 4, 7 and 8. PDCP PDUs 2, 3 and 5 areunnecessarily retransmitted by the UE.

Case 3a: eNB1 RLC re-establishment Forwarding of out of sequence PDCPPDUs from eNB2 RLC; No PDCP status report

This case differs from Case 2a only in that the eNB1 RLC isre-established along with the corresponding UE RLC1 entity.

The resulting UE retransmissions following reconfiguration from a splitbearer to a non-split bearer are shown in FIG. 14.

With the UE current behaviour the UE will restart transmissions fromPDCP PDU 2. PDCP PDUs 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 are unnecessarily retransmittedby the UE. PDCP PDU2 may also be unnecessarily retransmitted dependingon whether already some part of the PDCP PDU 2 was received in the eNB1RLC.

Case 3b: eNB1 RLC re-establishment Forwarding of out of sequence PDCPPDUs from eNB2 RLC; PDCP status report

This case differs from Case 2a only in that the eNB1 RLC isre-established along with the corresponding UE RLC1 entity.

Due to the re-establishment of the eNB1 RLC entity, in this case PDCPPDUs 3 and 5, which were buffered in the eNB1 RLC, will be delivered tothe eNB PDCP entity. Since PDCP PDUs 7 and 8 were also forwarded fromthe of the eNB2 RLC entity, and PDCP PDUs 1 and 4 were alreadydelivered, the PDCP status report can indicated that PDCP PDU's 1, 3, 4,5, 7 and 8 do not need to be retransmitted. The correspondingretransmission situation is shown in FIG. 15.

With the current UE behaviour the UE will restart transmissions fromPDCP PDU 2. Assuming that the PDCP status report is received in time,only the UE only retransmits PDCP PDUs 2 and 6. PDCP PDU2 may beunnecessarily retransmitted depending on whether already some part ofthe PDCP PDU 2 was received in the eNB1 RLC.

The unnecessary retransmission of PDCP PDUs for the above cases 1a to 3bis shown in Table 1 below:

TABLE 1 Unnecessary retransmissions with currently specified UEbehaviour. Unnecessarily retransmitted eNB RLC1 Forwarding PDCP statusPDCP PDU reestablish from eNB2 report 2 3/5 4 6 7/8 Comment 1a No No (A)No x x x x 1b No No (A) Yes x x x 2a No Yes (B) No x x x x 2b No Yes (B)Yes x x 3a Yes Yes (B) No x x x x PDCP PDU2 possibly unnecessarilyretransmitted 3b Yes Yes (B) Yes x PDCP PDU2 possibly unnecessarilyretransmitted

As we can see from Table 1, although usage of a PDCP status reportimproves the situation, especially if combined with forwarding betweeneNB2 and eNB1 and re-establishing eNB1 RLC, in none of the cases are allunnecessary retransmissions are avoided. That is, according to currentlyspecified UE and network behaviour, it is not possible to fullyeliminate all possible inefficient use of UE and eNB resources.

As disclosed herein in the event of reconfiguring a split bearer to anon-split bearer, the UE retransmission behaviour is changed relative tothe current 3GPP specified behaviour. In place of having the UE restarttransmissions of all PDCP SDUs from the first PDCP SDU for which thesuccessful delivery of the corresponding PDCP PDU has not been confirmedby lower layers, the UE:

1) Restarts transmissions for PDCP SDUs from the first PDCP SDU forwhich transmission was attempted via the discontinued lower layerprotocol stack part (at the SeNB) and for which the successful deliveryof the corresponding PDCP PDU has not been confirmed by lower layers.

2) Furthermore, the UE only retransmits PDCP SDUs for which transmissionof the corresponding PDCP PDU was attempted/ performed via thediscontinued lower layer protocol stack part.

That is, as disclosed herein there is no retransmission of PDCP SDUs forwhich a PDCP PDU has already been provided to the lower layer protocolstack part that is not discontinued (at the MeNB).

As a consequence, even if the UE receives a PDCP status report in thiscase indicating that certain PDCP PDUs are missing, this may not triggerretransmissions of PDCP PDUs already sent via the MeNB. Should thosePDCP PDUs truly be missing then normal retransmission is initiatedfollowing expiry of a retransmission timer.

To illustrate this two further example cases are highlighted based uponthe same delivery situation for a split radio bearer just beforereconfiguration from a split bearer to a non-split bearer shown in FIG.9.

Case 4a: no eNB1 RLC re-establishment No forwarding of out of sequencePDCP PDUs from eNB2 RLC; No PDCP status report

The resulting UE retransmissions situation is shown in FIG. 16. Sincethe UE will not consider PDCP PDUs transmitted via eNB1 forretransmission, retransmission for PDCP PDUs 2, 3 and 5 will not betriggered. Assuming that PDCP PDU 4 transmission was confirmed by lowerlayers of UE RLC2, the UE will only start retransmission from PDCP PDU6and retransmit PDUs 6, 7 and 8.

If we compare this solution with Case la (as shown in Table 2 below), itcan be seen that there is a clear reduction in the number ofretransmitted PDCP PDUs.

TABLE 2 First comparison to current UE behaviour. Unnecessarilyretransmitted eNB RLC1 Forwarding PDCP status PDCP PDU reestablish fromeNB2 report 2 3/5 4 6 7/8 Comment 1a No No (A) No x x x x 4a No No (A)No x

Case 4b: no eNB1 RLC re-establishment Forwarding of out of sequence PDCPPDUs from eNB2 RLC; PDCP status report

The resulting UE retransmissions situation is shown in FIG. 17.

Since the UE will not consider PDCP PDUs transmitted via eNB1 forretransmission, retransmission for PDCP PDUs 2, 3 and 5 will not betriggered. Since the PDCP status report confirms that PDCP PDUs 4, 7 and8 no longer need to be retransmitted, in the end only PDCP PDU 6 will beretransmitted.

If we compare this solution with Case 2b (as shown in Table 3 below), itcan be seen that again there is a clear reduction in the number ofretransmitted PDCP PDUs.

TABLE 3 Second comparison to current UE behaviour. Unnecessarilyretransmitted eNB RLC1 Forwarding PDCP status PDCP PDU reestablish fromeNB2 report 2 3/5 4 6 7/8 Comment 2b No Yes (B) Yes x x 4b No Yes (B)Yes

Advantageously, behaviour described above in connection with Case 4a andCase 4b are not reliant upon processing a PDCP status report todetermine which PDCP PDUs to retransmit. A PDCP status report basedapproach might result in the UE having started certain PDCP PDUtransmissions before receiving the PDCP status report (a racecondition). If the UE has already started to retransmit unnecessary PDCPPDUs when the PDCP status report is received then this can result in aloss of efficiency.

Referring now to FIG. 18, this shows an example full sequence messageflow for deletion of the last cell in a Secondary Cell Group (SCG)resulting also in the reconfiguration a split bearer to a non-splitbearer. FIG. 18 shows messages transferred between the UE, the MeNB, theSeNB and the CN. Prior to release of the last cell in the SCG, at leastone radio bearer serving the UE is split between the MeNB and the SeNBas described above in connection with FIG. 3.

At step 1 the MeNB obtains measurement information from the UE and/orstatus information from the SeNB. The measurement information or statusinformation may be the trigger that causes the MeNB to decide to releasethe last cell in the SCG. There may be other triggers. Alternatively,the trigger may be some other status report. At step 2 the MeNBdetermines that release of the last cell in the SCG is required. TheSeNB is instructed to release the last cell in the SCG at step 3 (theMeNB commands the SeNB to remove the SCG part of the bearer) andacknowledges this at step 4. Specifically, at step 4 the SeNB makes anew SeNB configuration to be sent to the UE and forwards this to theMeNB.

At step 5 a the SeNB forwards out of sequence uplink PDCP PDUs. In Case4a described above there is no such forwarding of uplink PDCP PDUs, yetthe process functions correctly. At step 5 b the SeNB forwardsundelivered downlink PDCP PDUs to the MeNB. The PDUs are buffered by theMeNB at step 6.

At step 7 the MeNB instructs the UE to release the last cell in the SCG.At step 7 the MeNB sends the new SeNB configuration to the UE. At step 8the UE begins to reorder received downlink PDCP PDUs. At step 9 the UEdetermines which uplink PDCP PDUs to retransmit as described above inconnection with Case 4a and Case 4b. In Case 4a, there being no out ofsequence forwarding at step 5 a, all PDCP PDUs transmitted to thediscontinued eNB protocol stack (at the SeNB) would be retransmitted.However, as noted above, in other cases such as Case 4b, only PDCP PDUstransmitted to the discontinued eNB protocol stack (at the SeNB), andfor which no lower layer acknowledgement of receipt has been received,will be retransmitted.

At step 10 the UE signals to the MeNB that the release of the last cellin the SCG is complete and at step 12 a the UE sends a PDCP statusreport including a bitmap indicating received and missing downlink PDCPPDUs. At step 12 b, in accordance with the 3GPP specifications, the MeNBsends a PDCP status report indicating what retransmissions to makeincluding a bitmap indicating received and missing uplink PDCP PDUs.However, this PDCP status report may be partially ignored and does nottrigger retransmission of PDCP PDUs transmitted directly to the MeNB.

Steps 13, 14 and 15 relate to the release of radio resources by theSeNB. At step 13 the MeNB informs the SeNB about the UE response, and atstep 14 the SeNB informs the MeNB that reconfiguration has beencompleted. At steps 16 a and 16 b the UE and the MeNB (which from now onmay be simply referred to as the eNB) continue to operate in a “normalmode” in which a non-split bearer is used.

The modified retransmission behaviour of the UE described above could becaptured within a modification to the relevant 3GPP specification (3GPPTS 36.323) as follows, with changes indicated by underlining.

5.2.1.1 Procedures for DRBs Mapped on RLC AM

When upper layers request a PDCP re-establishment due to reconfigurationof the radio bearer from a split bearer to a non-split bearer handled bythe PCG, the UE shall:

-   -   from the first PDCP SDU transmitted via the SCG for which the        successful delivery of the corresponding PDCP PDU has not been        confirmed by lower layers, perform retransmission of all PDCP        SDUs for which initial transmission was performed via the SCG,        in ascending order of the COUNT values associated to the PDCP        SDU prior to the PDCP re-establishment as specified below:        -   perform header compression of the PDCP SDU (if configured)            as specified in the subclause 5.5.4;        -   if connected as an RN, perform integrity protection (if            configured) of the PDCP SDU using the COUNT value associated            with this PDCP SDU as specified in the subclause 5.7;        -   perform ciphering of the PDCP SDU using the COUNT value            associated with this PDCP SDU as specified in the subclause            5.6;        -   submit the resulting PDCP Data PDU to lower layer.

When upper layers request a PDCP re-establishment for other reasons, theUE shall:

-   -   reset the header compression protocol for uplink and start with        an IR state in U-mode (if configured) [9] [11];    -   if connected as an RN, apply the integrity protection algorithm        and key provided by upper layers (if configured) during the        re-establishment procedure;    -   apply the ciphering algorithm and key provided by upper layers        during the re-establishment procedure;    -   from the first PDCP SDU for which the successful delivery of the        corresponding PDCP PDU has not been confirmed by lower layers,        perform retransmission or transmission of all the PDCP SDUs        already associated with PDCP SNs in ascending order of the COUNT        values associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP        re-establishment as specified below:        -   perform header compression of the PDCP SDU (if configured)            as specified in the subclause 5.5.4;        -   if connected as an RN, perform integrity protection (if            configured) of the PDCP SDU using the COUNT value associated            with this PDCP SDU as specified in the subclause 5.7;        -   perform ciphering of the PDCP SDU using the COUNT value            associated with this PDCP SDU as specified in the subclause            5.6;        -   submit the resulting PDCP Data PDU to lower layer.

It is noted that in this revised section of 3GPP TS 36.323 references toheader compression, integrity protection and ciphering are unchangedfrom the case for PDCP re-establishment for other reasons, except thatthe header compression entity might not need to be reset. PCG stands for“primary cell group” and corresponds to cells in the MeNB, and SCGstands for “secondary cell group” and corresponds to cells in the SeNB.

Consideration of how UE retransmission behaviour may be improved toincrease efficiency may be extended to considering a reconfiguration ofan uplink non-split bearer to an uplink split bearer (the reversesituation to that described above).

Referring now FIG. 19, this shows a flow chart illustratingretransmission behaviour at the UE. At step 181 the UE determines thatreconfiguration of an uplink bearer termination is required. That is,the UE determines whether as a result of a re-establishment processretransmission of PDCP SDUs is required. At step 182 a determination ismade whether the reconfiguration is from a split bearer to a non-splitbearer. If it is determined that the reconfiguration is from a splitbearer to a non-split bearer then at step 183 a determination is madewhere the uplink configuration is to be located after thereconfiguration to a non-split bearer. That is, it is determined wherethe PDCP entity is to be located at the network side afterreconfiguration. Alternatively, step 183 may be viewed as determiningfor which eNB uplink PDU transmission is to be configured. As a furtheralternative, step 183 may be viewed as determining whether PDCP PDUtransmission is to be allowed only in in the Macro Cell Group (MCG) oronly in the SCG.

If at step 183 it is determined that the PDCP entity will reside in theMeNB after reconfiguration then at step 184 the UE performsretransmission according to the process described above in connectionwith Case 4a and Case 4b. That is, only PDCP PDUs which were transmittedvia the SeNB, and which have not been confirmed as delivered, areretransmitted.

If at step 183 it is determined that the PDCP entity will reside in theSeNB then at step 185 the UE performs retransmission according to theexisting 3GPP specified behaviour (all PDCP SDUs are retransmitted ifthere has been no acknowledgement of delivery via lower layers).

Alternatively, if at step 182 it is determined that the reconfigurationis not from a split bearer to a non-split bearer then at step 186 adetermination is made whether the reconfiguration is from a non-splitbearer to a split bearer. If it is determined that the reconfigurationis not from a non-split bearer to a split bearer then the flow passes tostep 185 and the UE performs retransmission according to the existing3GPP specified behaviour.

If at step 186 it is determined that the reconfiguration is from anon-split bearer to a split bearer then at step 187 a determination ismade where the uplink configuration was located before thereconfiguration to a split bearer. That is, it is determined where thePDCP entity was located at the network side before reconfiguration.Alternatively, step 187 may be viewed as determining for which eNBuplink PDU transmission was previously located configured. As a furtheralternative, step 187 may be viewed as determining whether PDCP PDUtransmission was previously only in in the MCG or only in the SCG.

If at step 187 it is determined that the PDCP entity previously residedin the SeNB then at step 185 the UE performs retransmission according tothe existing 3GPP specified behaviour. Alternatively, if at step 187 itis determined that before reconfiguration the PDCP entity resided in theMeNB then at step 188 no PDCP SDU retransmissions are required. This mayinclude if the MeNB sends a PDCP status report indicating that certaincorresponding PDCP PDUs have not been received.

Referring now to FIG. 20, this shows a further example of a fullsequence message flow for deletion of the last cell in a SCG resultingalso in the reconfiguration a split bearer to a non-split bearer. Justas in FIG. 18, FIG. 20 shows messages transferred between the UE, theMeNB, the SeNB and the CN, wherein prior to release of the last cell inthe SCG, at least one radio bearer serving the UE is split between theMeNB and the SeNB as described above in connection with FIG. 3.

With certain exceptions explained below, the steps of FIG. 20 are thesame as for FIG. 18. FIG. 20, however, illustrates a message flow whereno provision is made for a “no forward” option for the SeNB in respectof out of sequence PDCP PDUs. Thus at step 5, corresponding to step 5 aof FIG. 18, the SeNB forwards out of sequence uplink PDCP PDUs to theMeNB. At step 6′ the SeNB forwards undelivered downlink PDCP PDUs to theMeNB. The uplink and downlink PDUs are buffered by the MeNB at step 7.

At step 8′ the MeNB instructs the UE to release the last cell in the SCGand sends the new SeNB configuration to the UE. At step 9′ the UEdetermines which uplink PDCP PDUs to retransmit. In this example, onlyPDCP PDUs transmitted to the discontinued eNB protocol stack (i.e. thestack at the SeNB), and for which no lower layer acknowledgement ofreceipt has been received, will be retransmitted. The remaining steps ofFIG. 20 correspond to the steps of FIG. 18 of the same number.

The modified retransmission behaviour of the UE described above inrelation to FIG. 20 could be captured within an alternative modificationto the relevant 3GPP specification (3GPP TS 36.323) as follows, withchanges indicated by underlining.

5.2.1.1 Procedures for DRBs Mapped on RLC AM

When upper layers request a PDCP re-establishment due to reconfigurationof the radio bearer from a split bearer to a non-split bearer handled bythe PCG, the UE shall:

-   -   perform retransmission of all PDCP PDUs for which initial        transmission was performed via the SCG and for which the        successful delivery of the corresponding PDCP PDU has not been        confirmed by lower layers, in ascending order of the COUNT        values associated to the PDCP SDU:

When upper layers request a PDCP re-establishment for other reasons, theUE shall:

-   -   reset the header compression protocol for uplink and start with        an IR state in U-mode (if configured) [9] [11];    -   if connected as an RN, apply the integrity protection algorithm        and key provided by upper layers (if configured) during the        re-establishment procedure;    -   apply the ciphering algorithm and key provided by upper layers        during the re-establishment procedure;    -   from the first PDCP SDU for which the successful delivery of the        corresponding PDCP PDU has not been confirmed by lower layers,        perform retransmission or transmission of all the PDCP SDUs        already associated with PDCP SNs in ascending order of the COUNT        values associated to the PDCP SDU prior to the PDCP        re-establishment as specified below:        -   perform header compression of the PDCP SDU (if configured)            as specified in the subclause 5.5.4;        -   if connected as an RN, perform integrity protection (if            configured) of the PDCP SDU using the COUNT value associated            with this PDCP SDU as specified in the subclause 5.7;        -   perform ciphering of the PDCP SDU using the COUNT value            associated with this PDCP SDU as specified in the subclause            5.6;        -   submit the resulting PDCP Data PDU to lower layer.

It is noted that in this revised section of 3GPP TS 36.323 references toheader compression, integrity protection and ciphering are unchangedfrom the case for PDCP re-establishment for other reasons, except thatthe header compression entity might not need to be reset. PCG stands for“primary cell group” and corresponds to cells in the MeNB, and SCGstands for “secondary cell group” and corresponds to cells in the SeNB.

Consideration of how UE retransmission behaviour may be improved toincrease efficiency may be extended to considering a reconfiguration ofan uplink non-split bearer to an uplink split bearer (the reversesituation to that described above).

Referring now FIG. 21, this shows a flow chart illustratingretransmission behaviour at the UE in the scenario outlined in thedescription of FIG. 20. Where the behaviour in FIG. 21 is the same asthat in FIG. 19, the same reference number is used.

If at step 183′ it is determined that the PDCP entity will reside in theMeNB after reconfiguration then at step 184′ the UE performsretransmission, whereby only PDCP PDUs which were transmitted via theSeNB, and which have not been confirmed as delivered by lower layers,are retransmitted.

FIGS. 18 and 20 both illustrate the behaviour of the UE when areconfiguration of a radio bearer is commanded between first and secondconfigurations. The first configuration is where a radio bearer isconfigured with two bi-directional RLC entities (at a MeNB and a SeNB,and also duplicated at the UE). The second configuration is where aradio bearer is configured with one bi-directional RLC entity (at aneNB, and also duplicated at the UE). While noting that bearers arebi-directional (and both “paths” are typically used in a split bearerfor the downlink), for the uplink in a split bearer the UE could berestricted to only transmitting PDCP PDUs via a single “path” (to an RLCentity at only the MeNB or the SeNB). In such a situation then if PDCPPDUs have been transmitted only to the MeNB, upon reconfiguring thebearer from the first configuration to the second configuration then noPDCP retransmissions may be required. Specifically, when bearerreconfiguration is commanded, the UE checks if reconfiguration of abearer is from configuration 1 (split) to configuration 2 (non-split).If so, the UE checks whether in configuration 1 PDCP PDU transmissionwas allowed only to the SeNB (or only on SCG serving cells) or only tothe MeNB. If PDCP PDU transmission was allowed only to the SeNB (onlyvia SCG serving cells) then PDCP SDU retransmissions need to beperformed in accordance with the current 3GPP standards, that isaccording to step 185. If, however, PDCP PDU transmission was allowedonly to the MeNB then no retransmission is required, that is accordingto step 188. However, for simplicity, this UE behaviour is not includedin FIG. 19 or FIG. 21, and it is assumed in FIGS. 19 and 21 that when inthe first configuration (split bearer) PDCP PDUs are transmitted viaboth paths.

Certain reconfiguration behaviour described above is based uponmodifications only to the way in which the UE responds to a bearerreconfiguration, and in particular how the UE determines which PDCP SDUsto retransmit to maximise resource efficiency. However, two furtheroptions for increasing resource efficiency during reconfiguration from asplit bearer to a non-split bearer are now presented.

As a first option, and as described above in connection with Case 3b,the eNB1 RLC entity may be re-established when removing the eNB2protocol stack part and a PDCP status report may be sent from eNB1 tothe UE. If the network re-establishes the eNB1 RLC entity when deletingthe protocol stack part in eNB2, out of sequence PDCP PDUs will bedelivered to the PDPC entity which will improve the contents of the PDCPstatus report (no longer asking retransmission of PDCP PDUs 3 and 5unnecessarily in the example of Case 3b). The UE behaviour may be thatcurrently specified in the 3GPP standards, with the improvements inresource efficiency arising through appropriate configuration of theeNB1 behaviour. As discussed above in connection with Case 3b, partlyreceived PDCP PDUs (for instance PDCP PDU 2) will be dropped by the RLCentity in eNB1, which may cause them to be at least partly unnecessarilyretransmitted.

As a second option, rather than re-establishing the RLC entity in eNB1,the eNB1 RLC entity informs the PDCP entity about the reception statusor PDCP PDUs. Again, this results in a more accurate PDCP status report.In accordance with the second option the transmission of PDCP PDU 2 tothe eNB 1 will continue, and PDCP PDU 2 will be retransmitted. It isnoted that the second option requires modification to the 3GPP standardsconcerning the behaviour of the eNB RLC upon a change in a PDCPtermination.

The bearer reconfiguration behaviour described above is concerned withdetermining whether a UE should retransmit uplink PDCP SDUs or PDUs (andif so, which PDCP SDUs or PDUs) upon bearer reconfiguration. Whenprocessing a PDCP SDU for transmission the UE PDCP entity carries outhigher-level transport functions including header compression andciphering. When a PDCP SDU is to be retransmitted the UE PDCP layerperforms new ciphering and new header compression. For ciphering, if theSDU data remains the same (which is true for retransmission in thiscontext) and if other ciphering inputs remain the same (for instance acipher key and a PDCP sequence number) then the ciphering for theretransmitted SDU results in a ciphered PDCP PDU that is identical tothe originally transmitted PDCP PDU. However, this is not necessarilythe same for header compression.

Header compression is desirable over the air interface because forpacket data streams consisting of small packets, the header can form asizable proportion of the transmitted data. For example, for Voice OverIP a typical data payload may be 31 bytes, whereas the IP header alonemay be 40 or 60 bytes. PDCP therefore makes use of Robust HeaderCompression (ROHC) which is a compression protocol defined by theInternet Engineering Task Force (IETF). With ROHC, the transmitting sidetypically sends a few full IP headers at the beginning of a new IP flow.For subsequent packets of the flow, typically only the headerdifferences are sent (note: this is a simplified description of the ROHCoperation but sufficient for understanding this invention). As themajority of the header remains unchanged (for instance, IP sourceaddress, IP destination address . . . ) the difference fields areconsiderably smaller, and may reduce the header to something like 1 to 3bytes.

Using ROHC requires that the transmitter includes a compressor and thereceiver includes a decompressor. The compressor and the decompressormaintain a compression context and a decompression context respectivelywhich are used to determine how a header should be compressed anddecompressed respectively by reference to previously transmittedpackets. An example of the use of compression and decompression contextsis given below in Table 4.

TABLE 4 ROHC compression and decompression contexts. Com- Com- Decom-Decom- pression pression pression pression context context contextcontext SDU before after PDU before after sequence processing processingsequence processing processing number PDU PDU number PDU PDU SDU1 EmptyK PDU1 Empty K′ SDU2 K L PDU2 K′ L′ SDU3 L M PDU3 L′ M′ SDU4 M N PDU4 M′N′

Referring to Table 4, SDU1 is the first PDCP SDU to be compressed at theUE. Consequently, the compression context is empty before processing thePDCP SDU to form a PDCP PDU. After compression the context is indicatedby the letter K, and in practice the compression context may be theheader of SDU1 in combination with other information. Similarly, at theeNB upon receipt of PDU1 the decompression context is initially empty asPDU1 is the first packet and so no compression has been applied.Afterwards the eNB PDCP entity stores a decompression context K′ forprocessing the next received PDU. It will be understood that thecompression context K and the decompression context K′ may not beidentical, but they will include corresponding information forcompressing and decompressing the same packet.

When compressing the IP header of the next SDU2, the compressor will usecompression context K which should give a good indication of thedecompression context that the decompressor will be using when itreceives PDU2 i.e. K′. It should be clear that if the compressor isusing a completely different compression context/decompression contextas reference for compression of SDUx compared to what the decompressoris using when receiving the corresponding PDUx, decompression is likelyto fail at the decompressor. When PDCP SDU's are retransmitted followinga bearer reconfiguration as described above, the compressor may nolonger hold the original compression context which is most appropriatefor compressing that SDU. If the compressor now just uses the latestcompression context, which may have been updated as a result ofsubsequent transmissions for this IP flow, decompression failure mayresult. An example is shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 ROHC compression and decompression contexts in the event ofretransmission Com- Com- Decom- Decom- pression pression pressionpression context context context context SDU before after PDU beforeafter sequence processing processing sequence processing processingnumber PDU PDU number PDU PDU SDU1 Empty K PDU1 Empty K′ SDU2 K L SDU3 LM SDU4 M N SDU2 N O PDU2 K′

Referring to Table 5, the first transmission of SDU2 was lost during thebearer reconfiguration. Although PDU3 and PDU4 may have been received bythe receiver, still they are not provided to ROHC yet since the receiverwill reorder received PDU's in order to enable ROHC to decompresspackets in the same order as originally transmitted. Thus when thedecompressor receives PDU2 it will use decompression context K′ in linewith original intentions. Now if the compressor uses the latestcompression context N for compressing the retransmission of SDU2, thecompressor may make the wrong assumptions with respect to what headerdifferences have to be indicated in the compressed header anddecompression may fail.

In accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention, inorder to avoid decompression problems, where it proves necessary toretransmit data following bearer reconfiguration, under certainscenarios it is preferred to retransmit the original PDCP PDUs to ensurethat compression applied to the retransmitted PDU is the same, and sothe decompression context maintained by the receiver is appropriate.That is, a PDU upon which identically the same header compression isperformed (or the original PDU, which has been stored) is retransmitted.

As described above, six bearer reconfiguration scenarios which mayrequire data retransmission are considered, as summarised now in Table 6for ease of reference in the following description. Appropriate dataretransmission behaviour is described below for responding to eachbearer reconfiguration scenario. While these behaviours may be describedin combination, it will be appreciated that each may be separatelyimplemented. That is, an embodiment of the present invention maycomprise the retransmission behaviour for any one scenario in isolation,or the combination of behaviours for two or more scenarios incombination.

TABLE 6 Scenario Bearer reconfiguration (a) Split bearer (uplink PDUssent to MeNB and SeNB) −> non-split bearer (MeNB) (b) Split bearer(uplink PDUs sent to MeNB and SeNB) −> non-split bearer (SeNB) (c)Non-split bearer (MeNB) −> split bearer (d) Non-split bearer (SeNB) −>split bearer (e) Split bearer (uplink PDUs sent only to MeNB) −>non-split bearer (MeNB) (f) Split bearer (uplink PDUs sent only to SeNB)−> non-split bearer (MeNB)

Specifically, in accordance with an embodiment of the present inventionfor reconfiguration from a split bearer to a non-split bearer whereretransmission only takes place for data previously transmitted to thediscontinued eNB (scenarios (a) and (f)), the PDCP PDUs areretransmitted. In particular, if reconfiguration of a bearer from asplit bearer to a non-split bearer in which uplink PDCP PDUs aretransmitted only to the MeNB is detected (scenario (a)), in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention retransmission of PDCP PDUsis initiated from the first PDCP PDU for which transmission wasattempted via the SeNB and for which there has been no confirmation ofsuccessful delivery by a protocol layer below the PDCP layer within theUE, and only PDCP PDUs for which transmission was attempted via the SeNBare retransmitted.

For reconfiguration of a split bearer to a non-split bearer where thenon-split bearer is handled by the previous SeNB (scenario (b)),decompression is moved from the MeNB to the SeNB and so the whole ROHCcompression and decompression context is released. Therefore, it isrequired that the PDCP SDUs are retransmitted (and so recompressed anddecompressed according to a new context). Similarly, for reconfigurationof a non-split bearer to a split bearer where the non-split bearer washandled by the new SeNB (scenario (d)), decompression is moved to theMeNB from the SeNB and so the whole ROHC compression and decompressioncontext is released. Therefore, it is required that the PDCP SDUs areretransmitted (and so recompressed and decompressed according to a newcontext).

For reconfiguration of a non-split bearer to a split bearer where thenon-split bearer was handled by the new MeNB (scenario (c)), noretransmission of PDCP PDUs or SDUs are required.

For reconfiguration of a split bearer to a non-split bearer for whichthe non-split bearer is handled by the MeNB and for which for the splitbearer transmissions of PDUs were only directed to the MeNB (scenario(e)) then no retransmissions of PDCP PDUs or SDUs are required. If,however, the split bearer transmissions of PDUs were only directed tothe SeNB (scenario (f)), where data retransmission is required themethod comprises initiating retransmission of PDCP PDUs from the firstPDCP PDU for which there is no confirmation of successful delivery by aprotocol layer below the PDCP layer within the UE, and retransmittingall PDCP PDUs from the first PDCP PDU.

It will be understood that the selective retransmission of PDCP PDUs orPDCP SDUs requires that the UE tracks which PDCP PDUs are sent to theMeNB and which are sent to the SeNB. This represents a processingoverhead for the UE.

In accordance with further embodiments of the present invention, whereretransmission of data is required following bearer reconfiguration, thedata decompression problems outlined above in connection with Tables 4and 5 may be differently addressed as will now be explained.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention forreconfiguration from a split bearer to a non-split bearer whereretransmission only takes place for data previously transmitted to thediscontinued eNB, PDCP SDUs may be compressed and retransmitted so longas the compressed header information maintained within the correspondingPDU is sufficient to ensure correct decompression. Specifically, the UEmust ensure that sufficient header information is maintained in theretransmitted PDU to guarantee that the decompression will be correctlyperformed by the receiving eNB using the decompression contextcorresponding to the originally transmitted PDU. This may comprise theUE including greater information in the compressed packet, for instancemaintaining all dynamic fields uncompressed, or by sending the entireuncompressed header. In certain embodiments of the invention it may bethat the UE is mandated to not perform header compression forretransmitted PDCP SDUs. Advantageously, this removes the need for a UEto determine on a case by case basis for data retransmission whether theSDU must be compressed again or whether the original PDU may betransmitted. It will be appreciated that the degree of uncompressedinformation retained in PDU headers may be left to the implementation ofthe UE. It will be appreciated that a particular UE may implement anycombination of two or more from selective retransmission of PDCP PDUs,retransmitting PDCP SDUs with partially uncompressed headers andretransmitting PDCP SDUs with fully uncompressed headers. This UEselection may be varied from one packet to the next. It will beappreciated that if a particular radio bearer is not configured toimplement header compression (for instance ROHC) then the aboveconsiderations do not apply and any of the various bearerreconfiguration retransmission behaviours described above are suitable.

As discussed above, for scenarios (a) and (f) PDCP PDUs areretransmitted in order to avoid decompression problems. However, it willbe appreciated that if in a particular circumstance a PDCP SDU may beretransmitted (by ciphering the SDU again and performing headercompression again) without the difference being detectable (relative toretransmission of the original PDU) to the receiving eNB then this maybe advantageous as it avoids having to store the original PDCP PDU. Thismay be the case for data flows with little or no regularly changingdynamic fields, or if header compression is not applied (as noted in thepreceding paragraph). However, according to the UE implementation it maybe desirable to routinely retransmit PDCP PDUs for scenarios (a) and (f)as this avoids the processing overhead incurred in ciphering a PDCP SDUagain.

It will be appreciated that scenarios (e) and (f) differ from scenario(a) only in that before reconfiguration to a non-split bearer, uplinkPDUs are only sent to one or other of the MeNB and the SeNB. Whilescenario (e) represents an efficiency gain as the number ofretransmissions is reduced, it will be appreciated that theretransmission behaviour described in connection with scenario (a)remains suitable for correctly responding to scenarios (e) and (f).Therefore in accordance with a further embodiment of the presentinvention, for reconfiguration of a split bearer to a non-split bearerfor which the non-split bearer is handled by the MeNB, even if prior tothe reconfiguration PDCP PDUs are only transmitted to one of the MeNBand the SeNB, retransmission of PDCP PDUs is initiated from the firstPDCP PDU for which transmission was attempted via the SeNB and for whichthere has been no confirmation of successful delivery by a protocollayer below the PDCP layer within the UE, and only PDCP PDUs for whichtransmission was attempted via the SeNB are retransmitted.

As discussed above, in connection with scenarios (a), (e) and (f) forreconfiguration from a split bearer to a non-split bearer (using theMeNB) it is unnecessary to retransmit data transmitted to the MeNB. Thisis because the MeNB RLC entity is not re-established, and so toretransmit PDCP PDUs to the MeNB would result in unnecessary PDCP PDUretransmissions. The PDCP PDU may well have already been received by thenetwork and the UE may expect to shortly receive the RLC acknowledgmentfrom the RLC entity at the MeNB. If the RLC acknowledgement is notreceived then the PDCP PDU will be automatically retransmitted by the UERLC entity as normal upon expiry of the conventional retransmit timer,without requiring processing by the UE PDCP entity. As discussed above,for the UE PDCP entity to have to remember which PDUs are transmittedvia the MeNB and which are transmitted via the SeNB adds complexity tothe UE. Taking into account the fact that the UE will be likely toreceive a PDCP status report from the network shortly after the bearerreconfiguration, the status report will in any case be likely to avoidmuch of the unnecessary retransmissions (for those PDCPs still beinghandled by the RLC retransmissions in the MeNB at the time of the statusreport which accounts for much of the unnecessary retransmissions in thescenario (a)). Therefore, in accordance with certain embodiments of theinvention, if the burden on the UE having to remember to which eNB aparticular PDCP PDU was transmitted is considered to be too high, analternative retransmission approach may be considered. Specifically,following reconfiguration from a split bearer to a non-split bearer(using the MeNB scenarios (a), (e) and (f)) all PDCP SDUs or PDCP PDUsmay be retransmitted from the first PDCP SDU or PDCP PDU respectivelyfor which reception is not confirmed by lower layers in the SeNB. Thiscould be considered to be a less efficient solution than certain of thesolutions described above. This is because there may be retransmissionsof SDUs or PDUs transmitted to the MeNB if they were transmitted afterthe first failed transmission to the SeNB. However, it is consideredthat this is a simpler retransmission scenario which may be desirablefor certain implementations.

In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention,retransmission behaviour in connection with scenarios (a) and (f) mayform part of a full or partial PDCP re-establishment procedure.

Conventional PDCP re-establishment requires that at the UE for theuplink: header compression (for instance, ROHC) is reset; a newciphering key is established; and PDCP SDUs previously transmitted areretransmitted for any PDCP SDUs for which delivery is not confirmed. Forthe downlink: received PDCP PDUs are processed due to lower layerre-establishment; header compression (for instance, ROHC) is reset; anew ciphering key is established; and a PDCP status report is triggered.

In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention PDCP partialre-establishment requires that at the UE for the uplink: headercompression (for instance, ROHC) is continued without resetting; theexisting ciphering key continues to be used; and data retransmission isperformed according to any of the above described retransmissionbehaviours, and in particular those retransmission behaviours describedin connection with scenarios (a) to (f). For the downlink: received PDCPPDUs are processed due to lower layer re-establishment; headercompression (for instance, ROHC) is continued without resetting; theexisting ciphering key continues to be used; and a PDCP status report istriggered.

As discussed above, if no header compression is configured for a bearerthen for data retransmission either PDCP SDUs or PDCP PDUs may beretransmitted at the option of the UE. This remains the case forretransmissions as part of a full or partial re-establishment procedure.Under these circumstances, retransmitting PDCP SDUs means that PDCP SDUsare processed again and retransmitted after re-establishment iscompleted. Conversely, retransmitting PDCP PDUs means that PDCP PDUshaving been processed before re-establishment are retransmitted.Advantageously, in accordance with certain embodiments, to avoid thePDCP entity buffering both PDCP SDUs and PDCP PDUs in the PDCP buffer,the PDCP entity may fetch RLC SDUs from the RLC entity when partialre-establishment occurs.

The partial re-establishment may either be implicitly triggered inresponse to the occurrence of certain events, or explicitly triggered bythe network through an RRC control command transmitted to the UE. Inaccordance with the prior art PDCP re-establishment is event based andonly occurs if handover is instructed or if RRC connectionre-establishment occurs. The PDCP re-establishment is applied to allAcknowledged Mode Data Radio Bearers (AM DRBs).

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention event based(implicit triggering) allows the UE PDCP entity to be re-established (orpartially re-established), and so allow PDCP SDU or PDCP PDUretransmission, in response to a bearer reconfiguration as follows:

-   -   If the following type of bearer reconfiguration occurs, PDCP        re-establishment is applied to the corresponding DRB:        -   reconfiguration from non-split MCG bearer to a non-split SCG            bearer (the PDCP network entity for the bearer moves from            the MCG to the SCG and so PDCP re-establishment is required            to maintain functionality following the reconfiguration)        -   reconfiguration from non-split SCG bearer to a non-split MCG            bearer (the PDCP network entity for the bearer moves from            the SCG to the MCG and so PDCP re-establishment is required            to maintain functionality following the reconfiguration)        -   reconfiguration from non-split SCG bearer to a non-split SCG            bearer (the SCG bearer is reconfigured so that it is moved            from one SeNB to another and so PDCP re-establishment is            required to maintain functionality following the            reconfiguration)        -   reconfiguration from non-split MCG bearer to a non-split MCG            bearer (in the case that the PDCP network entity for the            bearer moves due to a change of MeNB or a change of primary            cell in the MeNB, which therefore requires a handover            including PDCP re-establishment for all bearers)        -   reconfiguration from a split MCG bearer to a non-split SCG            bearer (as the PDCP entity moves from the MeNB to the SeNB,            PDCP re-establishment is required)        -   reconfiguration from non-split SCG bearer to a split bearer            (the PDCP entity for the bearer moves and so PDCP            re-establishment is required)    -   If the following type of bearer reconfiguration occurs, PDCP        partial re-establishment is applied to the corresponding DRB:        -   reconfiguration from split bearer to a non-split MCG bearer            (as there is no change of the PDCP network entity, partial            re-establishment is sufficient and there is limited lost            data due to stopping part of the transmission stack, which            will be recovered using conventional retransmission            techniques)        -   reconfiguration from a first split bearer to a second split            bearer (the reconfiguration comprises changing SeNB, however            as the PDCP entity remains in the MeNB no change in PDCP            entity is assumed and so partial re-establishment is            sufficient—there is limited lost data due to stopping part            of the transmission stack, which will be recovered using            conventional retransmission techniques

In summary, for bearer reconfigurations in which the PDCP network entityremains the same, and there are no other changes at the same time suchas handover, then partial PDCP re-establishment may be used. If,however, during reconfiguration the MeNB changes or the primary cell inthe MeNB changes then security for all bearers must be reinitiated and afull PDCP re-establishment procedure is required for all bearers. Ahandover procedure may be used in these circumstances in place of asingle bearer move.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention explicittriggering allows the UE PDCP entity to be re-established (or partiallyre-established), and so allow PDCP SDU or PDCP PDU retransmissionthrough an indicator (for instance, a single bit) included in an RRCmessage sent from the network to the UE. The indicator may be sent inaddition to bearer configuration information association with the bearerreconfiguration (which may for instance be sent in recognition that acurrently used eNB is becoming overloaded). For a single bit indicator,the value of the indicator instructs the UE whether full or partialre-establishment is to be performed.

It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention can berealized in the form of hardware, software or a combination of hardwareand software. Any such software may be stored in the form of volatile ornon-volatile storage, for example, a storage device like a ROM, whethererasable or rewritable or not, or in the form of memory, for example,RAM, memory chips, device or integrated circuits or on an optically ormagnetically readable medium, for example, a CD, DVD, magnetic disk ormagnetic tape or the like. It will be appreciated that the storagedevices and storage media are embodiments of machine-readable storagethat are suitable for storing a program or programs comprisinginstructions that, when executed, implement embodiments of the presentinvention. Accordingly, embodiments provide a program comprising codefor implementing apparatus or a method as claimed in any one of theclaims of this specification and a machine-readable storage storing sucha program. Still further, such programs may be conveyed electronicallyvia any medium including a communication signal carried over a wired orwireless connection and embodiments suitably encompass the same.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words“comprise” and “contain” and variations of them mean “including but notlimited to”, and they are not intended to (and do not) exclude othercomponents, integers or steps. Throughout the description and claims ofthis specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless thecontext otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite articleis used, the specification is to be understood as contemplatingplurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.

Features, integers or characteristics described in conjunction with aparticular aspect, embodiment or example of the invention are to beunderstood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or exampledescribed herein unless incompatible therewith. All of the featuresdisclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims,abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or processso disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinationswhere at least some of such features and/or steps are mutuallyexclusive. The invention is not restricted to the details of anyforegoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or anynovel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification(including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to anynovel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method orprocess so disclosed. It will be also be appreciated that, throughoutthe description and claims of this specification, language in thegeneral form of “X for Y” (where Y is some action, activity or step andX is some means for carrying out that action, activity or step)encompasses means X adapted or arranged specifically, but notexclusively, to do Y.

The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which arefiled concurrently with or previous to this specification in connectionwith this application and which are open to public inspection with thisspecification, and the contents of all such papers and documents areincorporated herein by reference...

The above embodiments are to be understood as illustrative examples ofthe invention. Further embodiments of the invention are envisaged. It isto be understood that any feature described in relation to any oneembodiment may be used alone, or in combination with other featuresdescribed, and may also be used in combination with one or more featuresof any other of the embodiments, or any combination of any other of theembodiments. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not describedabove may also be employed without departing from the scope of theinvention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.

1.-23. (canceled)
 24. A method performed by a terminal, the methodcomprising: receiving a control message including configurationinformation via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling; identifyingwhether a bearer type is changed based on the configuration information;and transmitting a data based on the bearer type if the bearer type ischanged.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the bearer type includes amaster cell group (MCG) bearer related to a first cell, a secondary cellgroup (SCG) bearer related to a second cell, and a split bearer.
 26. Themethod of claim 25, wherein the transmitting of the data furthercomprises retransmitting, if the split bearer is changed to the MCGbearer, the data transmitted via the second cell, to the first cell, andwherein a data transmitted via the first cell is not retransmitted. 27.The method of claim 24, wherein the transmitting of the data furthercomprises retransmitting the data in ascending order of an associatedcount value from a first data for which successful delivery is notconfirmed.
 28. A method performed by a base station, the methodcomprising: transmitting, to a terminal, a control message includingconfiguration information via a radio resource control (RRC) signaling;and receiving, from the terminal, a data based on a bearer type if thebearer type is changed, wherein information on the bearer type isincluded in the configuration information.
 29. The method of claim 28,wherein the bearer type includes a master cell group (MCG) bearerrelated to a first cell, a secondary cell group (SCG) bearer related toa second cell, and a split bearer, wherein receiving the data furthercomprises receiving, from the terminal, the data transmitted via thesecond cell, if the split bearer is changed to the MCG bearer, andwherein a data transmitted via the first cell is not retransmitted. 30.The method of claim 28, wherein the data transmitted from the terminalis received in ascending order of an associated count value from a firstdata for which successful delivery is not confirmed.
 31. A terminal, theterminal comprising: a transceiver configured to transmit and receive asignal; and a controller configured to: receive a control messageincluding configuration information via a radio resource control (RRC)signaling, identify whether a bearer type is changed based on theconfiguration information, and transmit a data based on the bearer typeif the bearer type is changed.
 32. The terminal of claim 31, wherein thebearer type includes a master cell group (MCG) bearer related to a firstcell, a secondary cell group (SCG) bearer related to a second cell, anda split bearer.
 33. The terminal of claim 32, wherein the controller isfurther configured to retransmit, if the split bearer is changed to theMCG bearer, the data transmitted via the second cell, to the first cell,and wherein a data transmitted via the first cell is not retransmitted.34. The terminal of claim 31, wherein the controller is furtherconfigured to retransmit the data in ascending order of an associatedcount value from a first data for which successful delivery is notconfirmed.
 35. A base station, the base station comprising: atransceiver configured to transmit and receive a signal; and acontroller configured to: transmit, to a terminal, a control messageincluding configuration information via a radio resource control (RRC)signaling; and receive, from the terminal, a data based on a bearer typeif the bearer type is changed, wherein information on the bearer type isincluded in the configuration information.
 36. The base station of claim35, wherein the bearer type includes a master cell group (MCG) bearerrelated to a first cell, a secondary cell group (SCG) bearer related toa second cell, and a split bearer.
 37. The base station of claim 36,wherein the controller is further configured to receive, from theterminal, the data transmitted via the second cell if the split beareris changed to the MCG bearer, and wherein a data transmitted via thefirst cell is not retransmitted.
 38. The base station of claim 35,wherein the data transmitted from the terminal is received in ascendingorder of an associated count value from a first data for whichsuccessful delivery is not confirmed.